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The voiceless dental non-sibilant fricative is a type of consonantal sound used in some oral languages. It is familiar to English speakers as the 'th' in ''thing''. Though rather rare as a phoneme in the world's inventory of languages, it is encountered in some of the most widespread and influential (see below). The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is T. The IPA symbol is the Greek letter theta, which is used for this sound in post-classical Greek, and the sound is thus often referred to as "theta". The dental non-sibilant fricatives are often called "interdental" because they are often produced with the tongue between the upper and lower teeth, and not just against the back of the upper or lower teeth, as they are with other dental consonants. Among the more than 60 languages with over 10 million speakers, only English, Modern Standard Arabic and Modern Aramaic (only some speakers), European standard Spanish, Burmese, and Greek have the voiceless dental non-sibilant fricative. Speakers of languages and dialects without the sound sometimes have difficulty producing or distinguishing it from similar sounds, especially if they have had no chance to acquire it in childhood, and typically replace it with a voiceless alveolar fricative (), voiceless dental stop (), or a voiceless labiodental fricative (; known respectively as th-alveolarization, th-stopping, and th-fronting). Among Turkic languages, Bashkir and Turkmen have voiceless dental non-sibilant fricative. The sound is known to have disappeared from a number of languages, e.g. from most of the Germanic languages or dialects, where it is retained only in English and Icelandic, but it is alveolar in the latter.〔, cited in 〕 ==Features== Features of the voiceless dental non-sibilant fricative: It does not have the grooved tongue and directed airflow, or the high frequencies, of a sibilant. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Voiceless dental fricative」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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